By Busra Cebi :
The European Union is a very significant actor in international politics. It is a unification of democratic European countries and aims to create better lives of its citizens and wants to build a better world with economically and politically. After World War 2 the EU has provided peace and welfare in Europe. EU created a single European currency and improved single market
econometrically. The most well-known goal for EU to avoid and prohibit war in the European countries. The UK didn’t want to sign the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and it was a really important treatment for the EU. The aim of the Treaty of Rome to establish the European Economic Community (EEC). UK applied for EEC in 1963 and the reason for this application was mainly about economic because the UK wanted to join more active and high-pressure free trade zone. French President Charles de Gaulle refused the UK’s membership offer. And in 1973 the United Kingdom decided to join the European Community (EEC). And that time EEC was an opportunity for England to maintain and improve lots of ways and that is exactly what has happened. England joined the EEC in 1975 with the referendum in England. The electorate voted “Yes” by %67.2 to %32.8. England, which maintains its markets and self-identity, and has "able to protect", never want to use the single currency (Euro). The UK is a sovereign state and different from the other European Countries historically, economically, culturally and also geographically. 67% of voters were in favor of remaining within the EEC. So what were their hopes? Firstly, America was a strong power and the UK did not want to be alone. Secondly, there were political isolation and spread out
of Western Europe. Also, prohibit fascism and war.
What Are The Problems In The EU?
After the Second World War, people have been seen the violations in the world, especially in Germany. After these violations, nationalism, and fascism, the EU started to build its first ideas. Economic cooperation and trade would help to stop this violation, nationalism, and fascism. After that, the EU has become a world leader in both larger trade zones, environmental protection, development support, and economic power. The European Union envisages the promotion of co-operation and activities among member countries to improve the quality of education, to preserve the cultural richness and to promote a common culture. Despite all these great advances, there are many problems in the EU. The biggest problem is Brexit and if we want to understand the problems the EU we have to know what is actually Brexit. There is a grand inequality between the European Countries. How can we put Germany and Greece in the same category? Or how can we put England and Italy in the same category? This inequality putting some countries into crisis. For example Greece and Italy. this is the most important factor in the formation of inequality is the Euro. Common Currency puts countries into trouble. Because France, Germany, England these countries are developed in many areas and when we consider these countries with Greece and Italy we make an inequality between them. At the beginning the aim of the common currency was basic, facilitating trade relations between states, increase the economic prosperity of the Union member countries and ultimately sustain the European Integration. But things may not go as planned. The global crisis affected countries in Europe. Greece, Spain, Portugal, Italy, etc. The low- interest rate resulting from the use of the common currency increased the public debt of some countries to
serious levels and these countries could not pay their debts. And, growth in some countries in Europe slowed down. The end of the crisis, which puts the euro at the end of the crisis and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with the resources provided by the rescue packages started. In this period, the risks caused by the common currency and the fiscal policies among countries became a topic of discussion. These reasons pushing the European Union to deadlock. Uk never wanted to be involved eurozone and always stays out of this decision on European banks' supervision. London has managed and protected its own autonomy as a financial center. Understanding London's ambition for this autonomy will, in fact, help us understand the UK's the decision to stay away from the eurozone.
Why UK decided to leave the EU And What will be in the future?
In 1975 with the referendum. %67 said that “stay in the community” so England didn’t leave. Butthe discussions never stopped. Britain, with a referendum in 2016, made a significant decision for its coming. %52 of people said that “we want to leave”. People decided to leave the EU, but the
debate has been going on this issue. Young people do not want to leave from the European Union and people who don’t want to leave blame the older people. Because for half of Britain believes that, older people want to leave from the EU. In these days, the government and the citizen also face a great unknown. However, in the referendum on 23 June, the public voted for exiting the EU. But when we return today, the result cannot be determined and new procedures are constantly emerging. Materiality and morally Britain took all the risks and waiting for the result to be determined. The geopolitical position of England is very different when we compare with the other states of Europe. Britain is an island and the most external country in Europe. So Britain is different in many Ways . For example, rules of the road, sockets, royal family, culture, etc. They never felt that they were the founder of the EU. England was the only country in Europe who didn’t lose the world war 1 and 2. Very powerful, economically and militarily. The reason why Britain wants to leave the Eu can be examined in three different ways politically, economically, and culturally. The United Kingdom considered the European Union to be tied to every issue and therefore wanted to decide to leave. Expansions in trade volume began to pause, the regulations of the European Union were negatively externalized to the British firms. The country wants to leave the EU because additional costs have increased. On the other hand, the UK wants to control its own borders, does not want refugee crises and wants single domination. The other important reason is that the UK pays a large number of pounds per year to the EU budget. Germany and France are the two major power and everyone tries to shape this community according to their interests. If Britain leaves Europe, the EU’s future and trust will be blowing up and Europe will lose all seriousness. Germany will enter efforts to become dominant and right-wing parties will strengthen. Also, France will be the same as Germany right-wing parties will strengthen in France. After the 2008 crisis, Germany was the only country who didn’t affect too much especially the ratio of the unemployment rate. But after the Brexit, the unemployment rate will increase, debts will increase and the economic crisis will be stronger than 2008. The confidence of the EU will decreased also trading network will be reduced. This region has developed countries and also developing countries so something should be considered for both categories (developed and developing countries) because when the EU applies the same rule for every country there will be inequality. For example, Germany and Greece cannot pay the same amount of taxes, money, etc. So Parliament should set the common point and every country should meet at this point. If not, Europe to be dragged into more darkness. Confidence in leaders will decrease. Another issue is that Europe will face security issues.
All in all, British scientists say the decision to leave the EU is bad; they say it can harm common scientific research and with this decision, scientific freedom can be restricted. This decision may create a problem for Erasmus students and international students too. Freedom of movement can be destroyed because people can go to European countries freely but after this separation, visa issues can begin. Environmental protection may be damage in the UK because the European Union accustomed UK to environmental issues. Poaching and sea pollution may increase. None of these arguments for Brexit, help us to understand why this is happening. We don’t know where it is going
on. But we only know that Britain does not want to be a member of the European Union.
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